Green Mobile Handsets & Applications

Overview

This green mobile handsets report provides an extensive analysis of the opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions amongst mobile handsets and handset users, both directly in terms of handsets & chargers and indirectly through green mobile applications.

The report provides unique scenario-based forecasts (incremental, progressive and transformational) projecting green handset shipments, recycled handset volumes, green application downloads and charger no-load emissions, all by scenario and by region, up until 2014.

Detailed case studies of significant developments across key areas are provided, covering developments including solar powered handsets and chargers, handset take back programmes, eco-applications and bioplastic/recycled handset casings.  Furthermore, this report also investigates regional and national legislation which impacts on mobile corporations, as well as considering industry responses to environmental concerns, including the IPP pilot project, the Sony greenheart program and Nokia's we:recycle initiative.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

1. The Need for Change

1.1 Introduction   
1.2 The Global Drive for Climate Change   
1.2.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)   
1.2.2 Regional and National Legislation   
i. European Union   
a. RoHS & WEEE (Restriction of Hazardous Substances & Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment Directives)   
- RoHS Direct Impact on the Mobile Industry: The Treo 650   
b. Carbon Trading: Obligations and Opportunities   
1.3 Key Drivers for Environmentally Sustainable Business Practices   
1.3.1 Regulatory:   
1.3.2 Consumer-Driven:   
1.3.3 Economic:    
1.4 The Industry Response: IPP (Integrated Product Policy) Pilot Project   
Figure 1.1: ICT Impacts and Opportunities   
Table 1.1: IPP Pilot Project Stages   
1.5 The Growth of the Mobile Market and Its Environmental Impact   
1.5.1 Mobile User Base   
Figure 1.2: Mobile Subscriber Base (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2007-2014   
Table 1.2: Mobile Subscriber Base (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2007-2014   
1.5.2 CO2 Emissions Across the Mobile Industry   
Figure 1.3: Mobile Use Phase, CO2 Emissions, 2008   
i. Consumers   
ii. Radio Base Station   
iii. Network Control, Core & Data Servers   
1.5.3 Reducing the Footprint   
Figure 1.4: Maintaining a Stable CO2 Footprint - Growth in Mobile Subscriber Base vs CO2 Emissions Per User 2008-2014   
1.6 Three Scenarios: Incremental, Progressive, Transformational   
Table 1.3: Forecast Assumptions by Scenario and Forecast Area   
Table 1.4: Top-line Scenario-Based Forecast Assumptions   

2. A Greener Handset Lifecycle

2.1 Introduction   
Figure 2.1: Mobile Handset Lifecyle Process   
2.2 Energy Efficiency in the Handset   
2.3 Energy Efficiency in the Charger   
2.3.1 Reducing No-Load Consumption and Unplugging the Charger   
Figure 2.2: Nokia Average No-Load Power Consumption (W), 2001-H1 2008   
Figure 2.3: No Load Consumption Chart   
i. Constraints:   
2.3.2 The Universal Charger   
i. Constraints:   
2.4 Utilisation of Solar Powered Handsets or Solar Powered Chargers   
2.4.1 Solar-powered Charging is Vital for Off-grid Consumers   
Table 2.1: Global Population Without Grid Access, By 8 Key Region   
i. Charging Booths   
Figure 2.4: Mobile Phone Charging Booth, Kampala, Uganda   
2.4.2 Solar Powered Handsets   
i. Case Study: ZTE, Digicel and Safaricom   
Figure 2.5: Coral-200-Solar   
ii. Case Study: Samsung Blue Earth   
Figure 2.6: Samsung Blue Earth handset   
iii. Constraints   
2.4.3 Solar Powered Chargers   
i. Case Study: Suntrica   
ii. Case Study: Better Energy Systems (Solio)   
iii. Constraints   
2.5 Green Suppliers   
2.6 Reducing Transport Emissions   
2.7 Reducing Handset Packaging   
2.7.1 Case Study: Sony Ericsson Greenheart   
2.7.2 Constraints:   
2.8 Recycling   
2.8.1 Vendors   
i. Case Study: Nokia   
a. we: recycle   
ii. Case Study: Motorola  MOTO  W233 Renew   
Figure 2.7: Motorola MOTO W233 Renew   
iii. Case Study: Sony Ericsson C901 and Naite   
Figure 2.8: Sony Ericsson C901 Greenheart and Naite   
iv. Case Study: Sony Ericsson Take Back Programme   
v.  Case Study: Samsung Reclaim   
Figure 2.7 Samsung Reclaim Handset   
2.8.2 Network Operators   
i. Case Study: Vodafone   
ii. Case Study: China Mobile   
iii. Case Study: MobileMuster   
iv. Case Study: Verizon Wireless   
Table 2.2: Verizon Wireless HopeLine, Collection, Recycling & Donation Data, 2005-2007   
2.9 Eco-Applications   
2.9.1 Selected Green Applications   
i. we:offset   
ii. Ecorio   
Figure 2.9: Ecorio Screenshot   
iii. Green Meter   
iv. GoodGuide   
v. Green Perks   
2.9.2 Augmented Reality

3. Forecasts

3.1 Green Handset Shipments   
3.1.1 Definition   
3.1.2 Methodology   
Figure 3.1: Total Mobile Handset Shipments (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Table 3.1: Total Mobile Handset Shipments (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Figure 3.2: Methodology - Green Handset Shipments Market Forecasts   
3.1.3 Incremental Scenario   
Table 3.2: Incremental - Green Handsets Shipped as Percentage of Total Handset Shipments Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Figure 3.3: Incremental - Total Volume of Green Handset Shipments (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Table 3.3: Incremental - Total Volume of Green Handset Shipments (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
3.1.4 Progressive Scenario   
i. Green Handset Shipments   
Table 3.4: Progressive - Green Handsets Shipped as Percentage of Total Handset Shipments Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Figure 3.4: Progressive - Total Volume of Green Handset Shipments (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Table 3.5: Progressive - Total Volume of Green Handset Shipments (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
3.1.5 Transformational Scenario   
Table 3.6: Transformational - Green Handsets Shipped as Percentage of Total Handset Shipments Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Figure 3.5: Transformational - Total Volume of Green Handset Shipments (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Table 3.7: Transformational - Total Volume of Green Handset Shipments (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
3.1.6 Scenario Comparison   
Figure 3.6: Green Handset Shipments (m) By Scenario 2009-2014   
Table 3.8: Green Handset Shipments (m) By Scenario 2009-2014   
3.2 Charger No-Load Energy Emissions   
3.2.1 Definition and Methodology   
Figure 3.7: Methodology - No-Load Energy Emissions   
3.2.2 Incremental Scenario   
Table 3.9: Incremental - Average Power Consumption (W) of Utilised Chargers Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.10: Incremental - Average No-Load Charger Connection (Hours Per Week) Global 2008-2014   
Figure 3.8: Incremental - No-Load Electricity Wasted by No-Load Chargers (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.11: Incremental - No-Load Electricity Wasted by No-Load Chargers (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Figure 3.9: Incremental - CO2 Emissions from No-Load Chargers (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.12: Incremental - CO2 Emissions from No-Load Chargers (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
3.2.3 Progressive Scenario   
Table 3.13: Progressive - Average Power Consumption (W) of Utilised Chargers Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.14: Progressive - Average No-Load Charger Connection (Hours Per Week) Global 2008-2014   
Figure 3.10: Progressive - No-Load Electricity Wasted by No-Load Chargers (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.15: Progressive - No-Load Electricity Wasted by No-Load Chargers (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Figure 3.11: Progressive - CO2 Emissions from No-Load Chargers (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.16: Progressive - CO2 Emissions from No-Load Chargers (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
3.2.4 Transformational Scenario   
Table 3.17: Transformational - Average Power Consumption (W) of Utilised Chargers Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.18: Transformational - Average No-Load Charger Connection (Hours Per Week) Global 2008-2014   
Figure 3.12: Transformational - No-Load Electricity Wasted by No-Load Chargers (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.19: Transformational - No-Load Electricity Wasted by No-Load Chargers (GWh) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Figure 3.13: Transformational - CO2 Emissions from No-Load Chargers (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.20: Transformational - CO2 Emissions from No-Load Chargers (Mt) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
3.2.5 Scenario Comparison   
Figure 3.14: No-Load CO2 Emissions (Mt) By Scenario 2008-2014   
Table 3.21: No-Load CO2 Emissions (Mt) By Scenario 2008-2014   
3.3 Recycled/Refurbished Handsets   
3.3.1 Definition   
3.3.2 Methodology   
Figure 3.15: Methodology - Handset Take-back Forecasts   
3.3.3 Incremental Scenario   
Table 3.22: Incremental - Percentage of Handsets Recycled Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Figure 3.16: Incremental - Number of Recycled Handsets (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Table 3.23: Incremental - Number of Recycled Handsets (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
3.3.4 Progressive Scenario   
i. Recycled Handsets   
Table 3.24: Progressive - Percentage of Handsets Recycled Split By 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Figure 3.17: Progressive - Number of Recycled Handsets (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Table 3.25: Progressive - Number of Recycled Handsets (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
3.3.5 Transformational Scenario   
Table 3.26: Transformational - Percentage of Handsets Recycled Split By 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Figure 3.18: Transformational - Number of Recycled Handsets (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
Table 3.27: Transformational - Number of Recycled Handsets (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2009-2014   
3.3.6 Scenario Comparison   
Figure 3.19: Number of Recycled/Refurbished Handsets, By Scenario 2009-2014   
Table 3.28: Number of Recycled/Refurbished Handsets, By Scenario 2009-2014   
3.4 Green Applications   
3.4.1 Definition   
3.4.2 Methodology   
Figure 3.20: Mobile App Downloads (m), Lifestyle & Healthcare/Finance & Productivity Combined, Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.29: Mobile App Downloads (m), Lifestyle & Healthcare/Finance & Productivity Combined, Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Figure 3.21: Methodology - Green Application Downloads   
3.4.3 The Impact of Green Applications   
3.4.4 Incremental Scenario   
Table 3.30: Incremental - Green Application as a Proportion of Lifestyle & Healthcare/Finance & Productivity App Downloads Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Figure 3.22: Incremental - Total of Green Application Downloads (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.31: Incremental - Total of Green Application Downloads (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
3.4.5 Progressive Scenario   
Table 3.32: Progressive - Green Application as a Proportion of Lifestyle & Healthcare/Finance & Productivity App Downloads Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Figure 3.23: Progressive - Total of Green Application Downloads (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.33: Progressive - Total of Green Application Downloads (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
3.4.6 Transformational Scenario   
Table 3.34: Transformational - Green Application as a Proportion of Lifestyle & Healthcare/Finance & Productivity App Downloads Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Figure 3.24: Transformational - Total of Green Application Downloads (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
Table 3.35: Transformational - Total of Green Application Downloads (m) Split by 8 Key Regions 2008-2014   
3.4.7 Scenario Comparison   
Figure 3.25: Number of Green Application Downloads Split By Scenario 2008-2014   
Table 3.36: Number of Green Application Downloads Split By Scenario 2008-2014

4. Environmentally Sustainable Business Practice

4.1 Introduction   
4.1.1 Greenpeace Guide to Greener Electronics   
Table 4.1: Greenpeace Greener Electronics Vendor Rankings, July 2009   
4.2 Environmental Management   
4.2.1 Waste Management   
i. Network-related Waste   
ii. Tertiary Waste   
4.3 Teleconferencing and Teleworking   
4.3.1 Case Study: TelePresence   
Figure 4.1: Tandberg TelePresence T3 Videoconferencing Suite   
4.4 Greener Transport   
4.4.1 Greener Cars   
i. LPG   
4.4.2 Offset Fleet Emissions   
4.4.3 Car Pooling   
4.4.4 Alternative Means of Travel   
4.5 Efficiencies in Online Data Storage   
4.5.1 Case Studies: AT&T   
4.6 Paperless Billing   
Figure 4.2: Orange (France Telecom), Consumer Uptake of Paperless Billing, Fixed and Mobile Customers 2008   
Table 4.2: Hypothetical Reduction in Paper Wastage & CO2 Emissions Based on 50% Adoption of Paperless Billing, Selected Markets   
   

Companies Referenced

Apple, AT&T, Better Energy Systems, China Mobile, Digicel, Ecorio, France Telecom, G24 Innovations, GoodGuid Inc, Hunter Research and Technology, LG, Motorola, Nokia, Palm, Qualcomm,Samsung Electronics, Sony Ericsson, Suntrica, Telecom Halia, Telia Sonera, T-Mobile, Verizon Wireless, Vodafone, ZTE.